There are some assumptions that I am making about how programming is done that I think I should make explicit, even if they are common to the point of near ubiquity.
Almost all programming is done using the approach of procedural programming, broadly defined. That is, we program a computer by specifying a procedure to follow. It is possible to use different approaches, Prolog, in particular, is a language that does not embody the procedural approach.
But, I hear objections, what about object oriented programming, or functional programming?
These are both subsets of procedural programming. Object oriented programming is all about how to package the procedures (and the data they operate on) to cope with the complexity of the programs we are trying to write.
Functional programming restricts the procedures available to the programmer to those that do not change state in order to simplify what we need to understand about the program in order to write it correctly (it also makes it easier to partition it during execution, helpful when trying to increase parallelism).
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